Reactions[edit]

Attacks, threats and exchange offers[edit]

For Al-Qaeda and Pakistani jihadi groups, Siddiqui's case became a "rallying cry" and they joined in accusing the Pakistani government and military of failing to protect and avenge her.[182][193]
According to a video released by Hakimullah Mehsud, head of the Taliban at the time, the 2009 Camp Chapman attack in Afghanistan that killed seven CIA officers was "partly in revenge for Aafia's imprisonment.[194] The 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt occurred one day after Mehsud released another video promising to avenge Siddiqui. The perpetrator of the attempt was Faisal Shahzad, a recently naturalized Pakistan-born citizen who had contacts with Jaish-e-Muhammad and Hakimullah Mehsud.[195][10][196]
According to a February 2010 report in the Pakistani newspaper The News International, the Taliban threatened to execute US soldier Bowe Bergdahl, whom they had captured on 30 June 2009 in retaliation for Siddiqui's conviction. A Taliban spokesperson claimed that members of Siddiqui's family had requested help from the Taliban to obtain her release from prison in the US.[197][198] Bergdahl was released on 31 May 2014 in exchange for five Guantanamo Baydetainees.[199]
In September 2010, the Taliban kidnapped Linda Norgrove, a Scottish aid worker in Afghanistan, and Taliban commanders insisted Norgrove would be handed over only in exchange for Siddiqui.[200][201][202][203] On 8 October 2010, Norgrove was accidentally killed during a rescue attempt by a grenade thrown by one of her rescuers.[142][204][205][206]
In July 2011, then-deputy of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, Waliur Rehman, announced that they wanted to swap Siddiqui for two Swiss citizens abducted in Balochistan. The Swiss couple escaped in March 2012.[207][208][209]
In December 2011, al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri demanded the release of Siddiqui in exchange for Warren Weinstein, an American aid worker kidnapped in Pakistan on 13 August 2011.[210] Weinstein was accidentally killed in a drone strike in January 2015.[211]
In January 2013, al-Qaeda-linked terrorists involved in the Algerian In Amenas hostage crisis listed the release of Siddiqui as one of their demands.[212]
In June 2013, the captors of two Czech women kidnapped in Pakistan demanded the release of Siddiqui in exchange for the two captives.[213] Both Czech women were released in March 2015, following intense negotiations by a Turkish NGO IHH.[214]
In August 2014, it was reported that the terrorist who claimed responsibility for the beheading of U.S. photojournalist James Foley mentioned Siddiqui in an email to Foley's family. Siddiqui was identified in the email as one of the Muslim "sisters" the Islamic State was purportedly willing to swap as part of a prisoner exchange with the United States.[215] In August 2014 the Islamic State offered $6.6 million in exchange for Siddiqui.[18][216]
In February 2015, Paul Gosar said the family of Kayla Mueller had been told plans to swap her for Siddiqui were underway in the months before her death.[217]

Pakistan[edit]

The case was covered very differently in Pakistan than in the United States.[218]
After Siddiqui's conviction, she sent a message through her lawyer, saying that she does not want "violent protests or violent reprisals in Pakistan over this verdict."[32] Thousands of students, political and social activists protested in Pakistan.[96] Some shouted anti-American slogans, while burning the American flag and effigies of President Barack Obama in the streets.[219][220] Her sister has spoken frequently and passionately on her behalf at rallies.[14][220][221] Echoing her family's comments and anti-US sentiment, many believe she was detained in Karachi in 2003, held at the US Bagram Airbase and tortured, and that the charges against her were fabricated.[96][222]
In August 2009, Pakistani Prime Minister Yusuf Raza Gilani met with Siddiqui's sister at his residence and assured her that Pakistan would seek Siddiqui's release from the US.[223] The Pakistani government paid $2 million for the services of three lawyers to assist in the defense of Siddiqui during her trial.[224] Many Siddiqui supporters were present during the proceedings, and outside the court dozens of people rallied to demand her release.[225]
Her conviction was followed with expressions of support by many Pakistanis, who appeared increasingly anti-American, as well as by politicians and the news media, who characterised her as a symbol of victimisation by the United States.[14] Graffiti "Free Dr. Aafia" appeared "even in remote areas" of the country.[226]
The Pakistani Embassy in Washington, D.C., expressed its dismay over the verdict, which followed "intense diplomatic and legal efforts on her behalf. [We] will consult the family of Dr. Aafia Siddiqui and the team of defence lawyers to determine the future course of action."[227] Prime Minister Gilani described Siddiqui as a "daughter of the nation," and opposition leader Nawaz Sharif promised to push for her release.[14] On 18 February, President Asif Ali Zardari requested of Richard Holbrooke, US Special Envoy to Afghanistan and Pakistan, that the US consider repatriating Siddiqui to Pakistan under the Pakistan-US Prisoner Exchange Agreement.[228][229] On 22 February, the Pakistani Senate urged the government to work towards her immediate release.[230] Shireen Mazari, editor of the Pakistani newspaper The Nation, wrote that the verdict "did not really surprise anyone familiar with the vindictive mindset of the U.S. public post-9/11".[165]
In September 2010, Pakistan Interior Minister Rehman Malik sent a letter to the United States Attorney General calling for repatriation of Siddiqui to Pakistan. He said that the case of Siddiqui had become a matter of public concern in Pakistan and her repatriation would create goodwill for the US.[231]
A few Pakistanis questioned the outpouring of support. Her ex-husband said Siddiqui was "reaping the fruit of her own decision. Her family has been portraying Aafia as a victim. We would like the truth to come out."[165] Shakil Chaudhry lamented the "mass hysteria" of supporters.[232] But when one columnist (Mubashir Lucman) raised questions about Asfia's sister Fowzia's account, graffiti "appeared all over Karachi insulting" him.[182][233]
US observers noted the Pakistani reaction. Jessica Eve Stern, a terrorism specialist and lecturer at Harvard Law School, observed: "Whatever the truth is, this case is of great political importance because of how people [in Pakistan] view her."[25] Foreign Policy reported that unsubstantiated rumours, widely repeated in the Pakistani press, that she had been sexually abused by her captors had "become part of the legend that surrounds her, so much so that they are repeated as established facts by her supporters, who have helped build her iconic status" as a folk hero.[220] According to the New York Times,
There is no doubt that the case of an ultraconservative, educated middle-class Pakistani woman who shunned the ways of the West and defied America has resonated with the Pakistani public. ... All of this has taken place with little national soul-searching about the contradictory and frequently damning circumstances surrounding Ms. Siddiqui, who is suspected of having had links to Al Qaeda and the banned jihadi group Jaish-e-Muhammad. Instead, the Pakistani news media have broadly portrayed her trial as a "farce", and an example of the injustices meted out to Muslims by the United States since Sept. 11, 2001.[14]
Journalist Scroggins complained about the lack of curiosity and investigation by Pakistani public and press of a number of questions about the case—how Siddiqui's daughter Maryam turned up at her grandmother's house and where she had been, what connection the "Karachi Institute of Technology", and the cleric Abu Lubaba had had with Aafia.[234] She noted that while thousands of Pakistanis had been killed by bomb and assassinations in tribal areas, in contrast to the rage against the US, no rallies were held in protest of jihadi attacks (Scroggins argued) because Pakistanis were fearful of them.[235]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. Jump up^ On 3 October 2005, the Internal Revenue Service revoked the organization's charitable status (see Foundations Status of Certain Organizations, Internal Revenue Bulletin 2005–40, Announcement 25–67, 3 October 2005

Citations[edit]

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  186. Jump up^ In sentencing her, Berman repeated the prosecution witnesses' claim that while she shot at Americans with an M-4 rifle she had said "I want to kill Americans" and "Death to America". Siddiqui said she forgave the soldier who had shot herand the judge. She told the court: “I am a Muslim, but I do love America, too. I do not want any bloodshed. I really want to make peace and end the wars.”Weiser, Benjamin (23 September 2010). "Siddiqui Gets 86 Years for Attacking U.S. Questioners". The New York Times.
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  217. Jump up^ "No plans to save Kayla Mueller, Pentagon says", Politico.com
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  221. Jump up^ Photo from AP (14 February 2010). "Pakistani protester burn the effigy of Barack Obama". DayLife.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2010.
  222. Jump up^ Yusuf, Huma (4 February 2010). "'Lady Al Qaeda': Pakistan reacts to Aafia Siddiqui conviction in US court". The Christian Science Monitor. Archivedfrom the original on 13 May 2010. Retrieved 13 May 2010.
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  232. Jump up^ Scroggins, Wanted Women, 2012: p.458
  233. Jump up^ Scroggins, Wanted Women, 2012: p.457
  234. Jump up^ Scroggins, Wanted Women, 2012: p.457-8
  235. Jump up^ Scroggins, Wanted Women, 2012: p.426

Books and journal articles[edit]

External links[edit]