THE RIGHT TO KNOW – A UNIVERSAL VALUE-HRCP Info Book
THE RIGHT TO KNOW – A UNIVERSAL VALUE
Source: HRCP Information Booklet, Oct 1996
1. French Declaration of The Rights Of Man And The Citizen, 1789 (Article 11)
The unrestricted communication of thoughts or opinions being one of the most precious of man, every citizen may speak, write and publish freely, provided he be responsible for the abuse of this liberty, in the cases determined by law.
The unrestricted communication of thoughts or opinions being one of the most precious of man, every citizen may speak, write and publish freely, provided he be responsible for the abuse of this liberty, in the cases determined by law.
2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 (Article 19)
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.
3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 (Art 19).
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of expression; this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.
The exercise of the rights provided for in paragraph 2 of this Article carries with it special duties and responsibilities. It may therefore be subject to certain restrictions, but these shall only be such as are provided by law and are necessary:
(a) For respect of the rights or reputations of others;
(b) For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals.
(b) For the protection of national security or of public order (ordre public), or of public health or morals.
4. The European Convention on Human Rights. 1950 (Art 10)
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health and morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
5. American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. 1948 (Art 4)
Every person has the right to freedom of investigation, of opinion, and of the expression and discussion of ideas, by any medium whatsoever.
Every person has the right to freedom of investigation, of opinion, and of the expression and discussion of ideas, by any medium whatsoever.
6. American Convention on Human Rights, 1969 (Art 13)
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought and expression. This right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, or through any other medium of one’s choice.
Everyone shall have the right to freedom of thought and expression. This right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing, in print, in the form of art, or through any other medium of one’s choice.
The exercise of the right provided for in the foregoing paragraph shall not be subject to prior censorship but shall be subject to subsequent imposition of liability, which shall be expressly established by law to the extent necessary in order to ensure:
(a) respect for the rights or reputations of others; or
(b) the protection of national security, public order, or public health or morals
(b) the protection of national security, public order, or public health or morals
The right of expression may not be restricted by indirect methods or means, such as the abuse of government or private controls over newsprint, radio, radio broadcasting frequencies, or by equipment used in the dissemination of information, or by any means tending to impede the communication and circulation of ideas and opinions.
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 above, public entertainments may be subject by law to prior censorship for the sole purpose of regulating access to them for the moral protection of childhood and adolescence.
Any propaganda for war and any advocacy of national, racial, or religious hatred that constitute incitement to lawless violence or to any other similar illegal action against any person or group of persons on any grounds including those of race, colour, religion, language, or national origin shall be considered as offences punishable by law.
7. African Charter on Human & People’ Rights, 1981 (Art 9)
Every individual shall have the right to receive information.
Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law.
Every individual shall have the right to receive information.
Every individual shall have the right to express and disseminate his opinions within the law.
8. The Objectives Resolution, Pakistan, 1949
Wherein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights including equality of status, or opportunity and before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship and association, subject to law and public morality?
Wherein shall be guaranteed fundamental rights including equality of status, or opportunity and before law, social, economic and political justice, and freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship and association, subject to law and public morality?
9. Constitution of Pakistan 1956 (Art 8), and of 1962 (Art 9)
Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the security of Pakistan, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court or incitement to an offence.
Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the security of Pakistan, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court or incitement to an offence.
10. Constitution of Pakistan, 1973, and 1985 (Art 19)
Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relations to contempt of court, commission of or incitement to an offence.
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Every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, and there shall be freedom of the press, subject to any reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of the glory of Islam or the integrity, security or defence of Pakistan or any part thereof, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relations to contempt of court, commission of or incitement to an offence.
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